What to do if you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance

Despite our best efforts and constant vigilance, pets can sometimes ingest toxic substances. Acting swiftly and effectively can help ensure the best possible outcome. Being prepared for emergencies can also help you remain calm and proactive. Below, we will outline the steps to take if you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance.

Identify the Toxin and Quantity Ingested

Understanding what your pet ingested and how much can be crucial for medical treatment. If you witness the ingestion, take note of the substance and the estimated amount. If you are unsure:

• Look for chewed packaging, spilled substances, or any unusual materials in your pet’s surroundings.
• Check your pet’s mouth, fur, and paws for any residues.
• Observe symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, drooling, tremors, or seizures.

Being honest with your veterinarian about the substance is vital. Some toxins mimic symptoms of other medical conditions, and an accurate diagnosis ensures the correct treatment. Providing incorrect or incomplete information could lead to ineffective or even harmful interventions.

Immediate Actions to Take

1. Seek Emergency Veterinary Care

• If your pet is showing symptoms, immediately take them to the nearest emergency veterinary clinic. Even if symptoms are not apparent yet, some toxins have delayed effects.
• Call the hospital while en route and inform them of the situation.
• Bring any packaging, containers, or samples of the substance to help with diagnosis.

2. Call a Pet Poison Control Hotline

• Contact a pet poison control center such as:
  • ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: (888) 426-4435
  • Pet Poison Helpline: (855) 764-7661
• Please note that pet poison control hotlines are not free and may charge a consultation fee for their services. However, they provide expert guidance that can be crucial in an emergency.

3. Do Not Induce Vomiting Without Professional Guidance

• Inducing vomiting can sometimes cause more harm than good, particularly with caustic
  substances (such as household cleaners) or petroleum-based products.
• A veterinarian or poison control expert will advise you on whether vomiting should be
  induced and how to do it safely if necessary.

Stay Calm and Monitor Your Pet

Watching your pet in distress is alarming, but staying calm helps you act efficiently. Monitor their breathing, heart rate, and responsiveness while en route to the veterinarian. Keep them comfortable and limit movement if they are showing neurological signs such as seizures or lack of coordination.

Common Toxic Substances for Pets

According to the Pet Poison Helpline, the most common toxic substance ingested by pets in 2024 were as follows:

Top Toxins Cats Ingest:

• Lilies (Lilium species): Highly toxic to cats; ingestion can lead to kidney failure.
• Chocolate: Contains theobromine and caffeine, which are harmful to cats.
• Garlic, Onions, Chive, Leeks, and Shallots (Allium species): Can cause gastrointestinal irritation and damage to red blood cells.
• Ibuprofen: A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can cause kidney failure and gastrointestinal ulcers in cats.
• Alstroemeria (Peruvian Lily): Less toxic than true lilies but can still cause gastrointestinal upset.
• Vitamin D3 (overdose): Excessive amounts can lead to kidney failure and other health issues.
• Amphetamine combinations: Found in some medications, can cause hyperactivity, tremors, and seizures.
• Carprofen: An NSAID that can cause gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney issues in cats.
• Tulips: Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal irritation and other symptoms.

Top Toxins Dogs Ingest

• Chocolate: Highly toxic to dogs; can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures.
• Grapes/Raisins: Can lead to kidney failure in dogs.
• Bromethalin: A type of rodenticide that can cause neurological symptoms.
• Xylitol: A sugar substitute that can cause rapid insulin release, leading to hypoglycemia and liver failure.
• Ibuprofen: Can cause kidney failure and gastrointestinal ulcers in dogs.
• Marijuana (THC): Can cause neurological symptoms and other health issues.
• Anticoagulant rodenticides: Can lead to uncontrolled bleeding.
• Vitamin D3 (overdose): Excessive amounts can lead to kidney failure and other health issues.
• Carprofen (overdose): Can cause gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney issues.
• Onions, Chives, Leeks, Shallots (Allium species): Can cause gastrointestinal irritation and red blood cell damage.

Prevention Tips

• Store medications, foods, and cleaning supplies out of your pet’s reach.
• Be mindful of toxic plants in and around your home.
• Secure garbage bins to prevent scavenging.
• Keep emergency contacts (your vet, a 24-hour emergency clinic, and a poison control hotline) easily accessible.

Knowing what to do in an emergency and how to prevent toxin exposure can help keep your pet safe and healthy. Always consult your veterinarian for any concerns about potential toxin exposure, and when in doubt, seek professional help immediately.